回歸十年,如果要說香港的經濟面貌有甚麼重要改變,可能就是由97年前的百業興旺,變成97年後金融業的一枝獨秀。
讀者可能會問,金融業有何不好?曾特首不是說過,只要香港發展成像紐約、倫敦般的金融中心,就能夠養活香港700萬人嗎?先旨聲明,一匡並非反對香港發展金融業。事實上,香港的最大優勢是制度完善,以金融業作為經濟火車頭,是順理成章之舉。但問題是,我們是否希望見到金融業成為經濟唯一支柱,而其他行業就奄奄一息?
香港是小國型經濟
事實上,香港屬於「小國型經濟」,根本不可能跟隨紐約、倫敦的「都巿型經濟」模式。
所謂「都巿型經濟」,是指該城巿是整個國家經濟社會系統的一部分,因此它的經濟毋須包羅萬有,只要集中發展一、兩項具優勢的支柱行業就可以。居民如果追上當地的經濟發展步伐,他們大可遷移到國內其他地方搵工。紐約、倫敦正是「都巿型經濟」典範,它們毋須費神搞甚麼經濟多元化,只需集中發展高增值產業。高學歷人才不夠?從世界各地招攬就行了。低技術勞工找不到工作?沒問題,他們在紐約、倫敦無法生存,就自然會跑到國內其他地方搵食。
「小國型經濟」則恰恰相反,它本身是一個相對獨立的經濟社會系統,人口轉移受各種因素規限(移民限制、文化隔閡)。要保持社會的均衡發展,政府就需要確保整個經濟結構的完整性及包容性,推動多元化產業為不同階層創造生存空間。新加坡及瑞士正是「小國型經濟」的例子。
有趣地,香港雖然是中國一部分,但我們卻不可能走「都巿型經濟」模式,而只能按「小國型經濟」的方向發展。
為甚麼?理由十分簡單。首先,香港實行「一國兩制」、「高度自治」,政治上已經決定了我們是獨立於內地的一個經濟社會系統。除非推翻整個「一國兩制」框架,否則無論搞甚麼「粵港融合」、「港深都會」,都無法改變香港是一個「小國型經濟」的特性。此外,香港有不同於內地的價值觀及文化,香港人非常喜歡回大陸吃喝玩樂,但又有幾多人願意拋棄香港人身份,舉家返回內地搵食?
照抄他人將是災難
明乎此,我們就應該明白,如果政府漠視香港是一個「小國型經濟」的事實,照抄紐約、倫敦的發展模式,將會是一場災難。
明乎此,我們就應該明白,如果政府漠視香港是一個「小國型經濟」的事實,照抄紐約、倫敦的發展模式,將會是一場災難。
獨沽一味發展金融及相關的商用服務業,勢必令我們的經濟結構變得狹窄,令大多數低下階層越來越難搵食,惡化貧富兩極趨勢。而這些弱勢階層,卻不可能像紐約、倫敦的窮人一樣,轉到內地找尋生計。長此下去,結局就是香港的小巿民將被困死,不是硬著頭皮接受低薪職位、就是被迫去領綜援。
沒有人會否定金融業對香港經濟的重要性,但要保持社會的均衡發展,政府就必須推動經濟多元化,除了繼續發展物流、旅遊等行業,亦要發掘其他能夠為草根階層創造就業機會的新產業。
一將功成萬骨枯,如果政府執迷不悟,也許香港很快就可以成為另一個紐約、倫敦,但代價卻是廣大的低下階層一起來陪葬!
16 則留言:
I think it is a natural development when we see china as a competition not partner.
Hong Kong can not go anywhere without being a part of China and fully become a city of China.
With current situation, China will only be a competitor to Hong Kong not partner.
Further consolidation with Macau/SZ/GD is inevitable and i believe it's an good exit for hk lower income group.
一匡並非反對中港融合,但由於政治及文化的隔閡,真正的融合在可見的將來也不可能出現(也許需要數十年的演變)。
那麼香港作為一個相對獨立的經濟及社會系統,香港要如何自處?香港人要怎樣找到自己的生存空間?
好有同感,唔同睇表面經濟數據,除了金融及會計行業外,香港很多行業仍然非常艱難,
好有同感...
這解釋了為何香港不少人今天的生活比起早幾年經濟低迷時仲要差呢....
任一匡兄:
It takes time to change the political and culture atmosphere. However, if there are economic benefit to Hong Kong (or be specific to Hong Kong people), a change of political and cultural environment I believe could happen. However, this needs alot of work from both the government and political party to cooperate with each other. They need to step up as a leader and wake up the general public.
I think Hong Kong people are very good at adopting into new environment. The question is will Hong Kong people CURRENTLY want to do it. Can they (the political party and HK government) really see the long term development of Hong Kong? Or the personal benefit (it could be a group of people or even foreign countries who have conflict of interest with China) really far superior than the common growth of the society.
Like you said "但又有幾多人願意拋棄香港人身份,舉家返回內地搵食" which is because they still think Hong Kong status is fair more superior than the Chinese status. I do see, "the believe" has slowly changed as China has slowly growing into a strong country in the world.
For example, 2 years ago no one wants RMB. 5 years ago no one wants Chinese stock. Now people are fighting for them, because people see a value to it.
"香港作為一個相對獨立的經濟及社會系統,香港要如何自處?香港人要怎樣找到自己的生存空間?"
My question is 政治及文化的隔閡 really a big issue if there are economic benefit for both sides?
Secondly, I do not believe Hong Kong will ever be an independent society because of its heavy dependent, both economically and politically to China.
Thirdly, just like the whole world, currently, where will Hong Kong be without China. Is China really an enemy or alliance? I believe once the government and political party both understand the Hong Kong relationship with China, come up a share point of view and unify as a group, then Hong Kong can really go further. Without a unified group of government and political party with a common view of sharing in vision, Hong Kong can go no where.
匿名兄,你提出的大方向我完全同意,但問題是這不是短期內可以做到。
當前的情況是,香港有數以十萬的低下階層苦苦掙扎,他們不是後生仔女,不可能透過再教育、再培訓投身金融服務業,他們也不會大舉移居內地尋找新工作。
就算現時政府大舉擴充高等教育,將來能夠有能力從事金融服務業的人也是少數(不要忘記金融業本身講求精英主義的特性),那麼大部分香港人的的生計如何解決?
作為一個負責任的政府,是否應該終日只想著如何超越紐約、倫敦,而對大多數普通巿民的生計視而不見?發展經濟到底是為了甚麼?是為了改善大多數人的生活,還是只為一少部分人提供發展機會?單單發展金融業可以解決問題嗎?中港融合可以可以解決問題嗎?
你可以告訴我嗎?
事實係香港已經一步一步走入兩極化的死胡同。不過大口仔總覺得,香港如果要平衡發展,最怕發展得低不成高不就。
倒不如集中發展一兩項最強的,做世界頂尖的還好。
To 任一匡兄:
你的問題無人可以答到你。我只知道物競天擇,無可避免。如果香港低收入人士放眼大陸發展應有作為。
"作為一個負責任的政府"...你想政府點幫佢地??? 唔通明知物流業唔夠SH/SZ競爭,政府重要資助????
匿名
匡兄:
不經過血的教訓,人是不會知錯.
P.S.特區政府提倡的,不要跟從就是了:)
Daniel.
匿名兄,人類社會不是森林,巿民亦不是野獸,我完全不能夠同意你的看法!
我只想引用我早前一篇文章《槌仔、士巴拿及鐵鉗》來為討論作結:「在促進社會整體利益的前提下,務實地探討當前的管治挑戰,靈活地運用國家、巿場與社會三套工具解決問題,才是現代管治的關鍵。」
任一匡兄:
I share 大口仔兄 point of view and believe it is better for Hong Kong to develop into 都巿型經濟 rather than 小國型經濟. 香港實行「一國兩制」、「高度自治」but Hong Kong is part of China. More importantly, Hong Kong is currently politically and economically dependence to China. You might argue this is against the idea of basic law「一國兩制」but I think this is the current situation.
To develop Hong Kong, I believe it is in Hong Kong best interest to see it as a part of China, instead of just a business partner with China.
Hong Kong is not Singapore or Sweden. They are countries. Hong Kong is a city which belong to China, even with basic law which mentions「一國兩制」、「高度自治」thats how China see Hong Kong.
My question to Hong Kong is why would China give so much economic benefit to Hong Kong if they do not see Hong Kong as part of them. (Same blood, all Chinese)
I have give it a thought about your point of whether 都巿型經濟 or 小國型經濟 better suit for Hong Kong. My conclusion is I think 都巿型經濟 will be better in the mind that Hong Kong is serving an important role into China's development.
Your question is whether this move is justified by taken away jobs and opportunities from the general public. (people who do not have the ability to adopt to these changes)
就算現時政府大舉擴充高等教育,將來能夠有能力從事金融服務業的人也是少數(不要忘記金融業本身講求精英主義的特性),那麼大部分香港人的的生計如何解決?
I think the problem could be fix if they accept Hong Kong is part of China.
My example is for Americans, if they do not think the East(NY, BOS, PHI or CHI) is the place for them, they will move to west (SF, SEA) for jobs. It is human nature. People move around to where they could find the right opportunity to explore its own ability.
If Hong Kong people do not have the ability to adjust to new environment and make changes accordingly, then I believe, this is not just the problem of government, it is also a social problem. Hong Kong has been one of the best city for the last few decades because Hong Kong people can adopt to changes, accept new things and work hard.
Politic issue was not an issue before 1997 but after 1997 politic is more important than economic. It is interesting to see something like the Tibet incident. Last year the Tibet issue was not an international issue but now it becomes everyone business.
As of the old people, I believe the government has to do something about it. The government should at least give the minimum care to them. Afterall, these are the people who build Hong Kong into the successful city. Hong Kong can not go anywhere without any of these people's contribution.
I am just sharing my 2 cents with you, my response might not answer your question, please correct me if I made mistake on my above comment.
任一匡兄,在下寫了一篇文章回應你的論點,有空請指教http://blog.yam.com/reiw/article/14679205
任一匡 提到...
匿名兄,人類社會不是森林,巿民亦不是野獸,我完全不能夠同意你的看法!
我只想引用我早前一篇文章《槌仔、士巴拿及鐵鉗》來為討論作結:「在促進社會整體利益的前提下,務實地探討當前的管治挑戰,靈活地運用國家、巿場與社會三套工具解決問題,才是現代管治的關鍵。」
請看關於飯碗的那些事兒一書:)
Daniel.
唔好忽視中港融合既時機.
趁著香港仲有相對優勢既時候搞融合, 香港先有bargaining power. 所以越早融合對香港越有利. 特別係港深融合.
港深融合, 舉步為艱. 要中央政府OK已經無可能. 最大問題係好多港人竟然反對. 連制度外既港深融合都搞唔到, 死唔死?
特區政府想搞乜都無用. 港人根本唔同意. 我唔知係因為認知問題(港人唔知香港沉緊), 還是"樽鹽"問題(港燦點都叻過大陸燦), 搞到如斯田地. 香港人唔改變想法, 香港一定沉硬. 係咪要到左太遲既時候, 香港人先會醒覺?
另一方面, 關於政治及文化的隔閡, 只會越來越薄. 深圳都有呼聲話要由經濟特區改成政治特區. 雖然無落實, 但反映出意識形態上, 港深真係有根本性的分別?
任生,看來曹仁超與你的看法差不多,昨天信報的《投資者日記》就有這一段。
" 1980年起內地以深圳作為特區,令香港製造業開始內移。當年本港超過一百萬工人薪金開始進入收入負增長期,因製造業內移而令本港服務業興旺。1984至97年呢十三年,本港中產階級成為服務業興旺下受惠者。可惜1997年7月香港主權回歸後,香港服務業優勢亦漸漸被取代,只有D受高深教育、例如博士或專業水平相當高人士,薪金才繼續上升,普通大學生受惠有限,令香港社會朝向20╱80發展,即1997年8月起香港中產階級亦陷入收入負增長(情況較1980年工人階級更慘,如佢地不幸高峰期置業話,仲會成為負資產階級)。
1980年前工人,今天漸成為香港社會上25-28%貧窮階級,過住冇尊嚴生活;加上1980年至今來港新移民競爭有限低薪工作,令本港貧窮階級日益壯大。隨社會經濟模式改變,外國未能適應者向二線或三線城市轉移,但香港人冇路走!
問題唔單止咁,1997年8月起中產階級面對壓力亦漸增,過去十年同樣面對生活質素不斷下滑,佢地甚至難以獲得社會上關心及同情,因為論生活質素佢地仍較香港25-28%窮人好,例如兩夫婦加起來月入3萬餘元香港唔算差,但過去十年生活質素不斷下滑。呢點由香港中價食肆不斷消失、中價服裝品牌愈來愈少足以證明。
今天大學生打工食飯盒已係平常事!即香港經濟繁榮成果由愈來愈少人分享,財富愈來愈集中小部分人手裏,上述係二十一世紀面對最大危機。
今天香港社會問題係不患寡而患不均。一個金字塔形社會經濟結構又再香港出現。"
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