2008年5月7日 星期三

價值投資原教旨主義

對於眾多資本主義、自由市場的信徒,林行止上周對資本主義的反思,可謂當頭棒喝。經歷過左傾及文革的一輩,可能一輩子都痛恨社會主義、認為共產政權只會破壞經濟發展。相反,在香港經歷了黃金30年的,自是資本主義的追隨者,深信自由市場萬試萬靈。然而,正如我的老友一匡所言,綜觀過去百多年的世界史,資本主義及社會主義互相交替,當一種主義的陋弊被那一代人厭惡,另一種主義便興起,周而復始。

盲目追隨易失方向

資本主義與社會主義的好處壞處,已被討論了超過100年,不需在此多講。只是木石想指出的,世上一切的主義,最終目的無非是為了人類福祉,換句話說,這些主義都只是工具,不是目的。盲目地追隨其中一方,只會令自己視野狹窄,迷失方向。

政治經濟如是,投資亦是同一道理。當今世上,由於股神畢菲特因價值投資而成為全球首富,價值投資被捧為至高無上,神聖不可侵犯。彷彿整個市場運作都以價值為基礎,然而,事實真的如此?

價值投資的原理,認為每盤生意都有它自己應有的價值。就好似一間茶餐廳,如你知道它值200萬元,便不會以50萬元放盤,同一道理,如你明知該股值10元,亦不會以2元沽出。投資股票就跟投資於一盤生意一樣,只是股票於每個交易日都有一個價,如果茶餐廳亦是上市公司,它亦會有一個價,股票市場有趣之處,在於這個價波動不停。雖然茶餐廳只值200萬元,但於股票市場,茶餐廳的價錢卻可以由50萬升至1000萬,聰明的價值投資者便會於50萬元買入該茶餐廳並在高於200萬元時沽出。


廣闊胸襟不再迷信

理論如此,實際的情況卻可以很復雜。就以廣船國際(317)為例,造船廠的定單一向十分透明,亦即是說,船廠的盈利可預測性亦很高,理論上應該很容易判別它的價值,但它的股價卻如過山車般,該股自06年初於1.5元開始上升,於最高時達68.5元,升了44倍,然後又於半年內跌回14元,究竟1.5、6814元才是合理價值?木石不是造船廠的專家,不想在此獻醜。木石只想指出,價值投資只能大概算出一個合理價,實際股價可以較合理價偏高(或低)、大為偏高、極度偏高以至瘋狂地偏高,股價不合理的時間亦可以經年累月,背後的原因,自不是單憑價值投資所能解釋。

與政治經濟一樣,投資從來都不是自然科學般計數便可以。價值投資倚重的盈利,極其量只是眾多變數之一,其他如投資者情緒、資金流向以及趨勢的方向等都同樣重要。

「不是價值投資,便等於投機」,若大家對投資的定義是那麼窄,便如索羅斯所指,盲目信奉市場的「市場原教旨主義」信徒般,犯了極大錯誤。廣闊胸襟,不要再迷信「價值投資原教旨主義」。

7 則留言:

匿名 提到...

Like ur articles in the last two wk,dip too into fundamental somehow will make u lose ur sense of nose in the market,i always believe there is no reasonal price in the stock market either….so the target price by sell sides somehow is just 攪下笑..(and why my gf wanna quit her job in sell side)
Besides, I really cant see any "real" fundamentalists in this field…but most of the funds name themselves as "value investing"..marketing trick. huh?

Market moves definitely becoz of the "aggrerate Demand and Supply"…but who has the gauge to show how this dynamic indicator goes.? Think abt this Q for a long time….that means which tool is the best for us to feel the market….macro..technique..corporate earning…fund flow?? So at this stage..learn and understand all these tools are the only way I can do right now…haha

匿名 提到...

Your article seems to suggest that because the market does not always reflect the fair value of an investment, one should not adhere to the value investing approach.

To my understanding, value investing is about buying an investment for less than its fair value (margin of safety) and selling it when it is at or above its fair value. It is precisely the irrationality of the market that renders value investing profitable. If the market is alway efficient, how could one buy something for less than its fair value?

If you understand value investing, you will know that it is not about find out the exact fair value of an investment. Fair value is not fixed; it is ever changing. The best one can do is to find out a reasonable range of fair value for an investment. When the price is substantially below the lower end of that range, you know it's a bargain. When it's not, you stand on the sideline. That's why Buffett says there is no called strike in the market and investors should not swing at every pitch.

匿名 提到...

next no.1 richest man of the world

股怪 提到...

so what u want to express ?

investor should not apply 'value investing' ?

then , what is the better method ...follow the daily up and down of the market ??

畢菲特 apply this method and win the market ... why not worth to learn ??

木石 提到...

First of all, my article is not writing to refute value investing...

I agree the principle of value investing and have been adopting value investing since my young age.

What I want to emphasize is that Value Investing is not everything. It is no doubt to make a rich Warren Buffet, but it is a knowledge which developed 50 years ago, do you think the market situation is similar to 50 years ago?

On and on, the market is changing, the technique to run ahead of the curve is also changing. I know exactly human behaviour is in principle no change during these years. But you know, when a technique that is well known to everyone, the profitability of that technique maybe affected...

From many years of real battle in the fund management industry, it seems to me that on top of value investing, if you want to be superb investor/trader, you have to understand there are other important elements which can move the market. This is the point I want my readers to understand.

To be honest, what mentioned by 七號 is quite correct, i think all fund managers know exactly what is value investing, but none of them purely use it to make decision. This is particularly true to those superb fund managers.

One word, value investing is not everything. It can limit your downside, but not maximizing your upside. A superb trader should adopt whatever good technique and develop his own style.

匿名 提到...

我同意木石先生的看法。沒有一種投資方法是全面性的,一家公司的NAV亦沒有絕對,不同的評價方式可以造成全然不同的結果,端看在模型中使用的變數而定,這是我在sell side這些年來的感想。

在我的客人當中就算再fundamental的也會注意市場的momentum,畢竟股市是由人組成的,價值投資法說被低估的好公司總有一天會被市場發現,上升到它應有的價值,但是有很多其他的方法可以幫助縮短我們等待的時間。

匿名 提到...

You could be right!

However, without VI, how we can direct ourselves into investment stream. Other method can be helpful, but can't go alone without VI.

What I believe, simple is the best:
Profit = Value - Cost

Cost is very easy assessable, leave value the most important factor!!

Fund managers strive to beat the peers, seldom can act on long term VI.

FM, though, brand themselves as a VI, they seldom follow on it and they can’t!


bc

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